Peter DiCampo

Kayayo: Making the Most of Poverty

(Click here to view an audio slideshow by Peter DiCampo on Time.com)

The Kayayo are a class of thousands of women and girls from Ghana’s barren north who travel south to find work as porters in city markets. They make the journey to escape a region where meager subsistence farming is the primary occupation; where it is a normal practice for girls to do housework and raise their male siblings rather than attend school; and where education, infrastructure, and health care lag far behind the rest of the country.

In the south, they perform backbreaking labor for almost no money and sleep 10 or 20 to a room in cramped slums. Still, the girls often prefer their lives in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana’s major cities. Some use the little money they make to continue their education. Others are simply glad to be away from their parents and have ownership over their money and possessions for the first time in their lives. While the Kayayo lifestyle is often considered a last resort in a desperate situation, many of them see it as an opportunity to free themselves from the confines of village life.

Click here to view an audio slideshow on Time.com

25-year-old Lamisi Leiku, center, carries a load of yams from one market to another in Accra, Ghana. Lamisi graduated from Senior Secondary School in Ghana's remote Upper West Region, but had to travel to the faraway city to make money.
  
Lamisi lifts a load of yams onto her head in Agbogblushie Market, Accra. "At the end of the day, your whole body will be paining you," she says of the work.
  
A Kayayo girl sweats after running after a car, hoping that the passengers would pay her to carry their bags in Kumasi, Ghana. Kayayo means "porter", and is the term used for the thousands of girls and women who migrate from barren, northern Ghana to find work in southern cities.
     
  
Teenage Kayayo girls wait for work at an intersection in Kumasi.
  
Amariya, a Kayayo woman who returned home to marry, lifts firewood onto her head outside of Tampion, Ghana.
  
Amariya in Tampion.
     
  
The bowls and cooking utensils that Amariya purchased as a Kayayo. Traditionally, in the Dagomba tribe, a woman must own her own set of kitchen ware before she can marry.
  
Amariya performs housework in her husband's family compound. As a recently married woman, she does the majority of the chores. "It is my work," she says. "I don't mind."
  
Weeds grow in the farmland outside of Tampion. Northern Ghana's long dry season makes farming impossible for much of the year.
     
  
Alietu, a Kayayo girl who is no older than 13, walks to Racecourse Market in Kumasi to start her workday.
  
Lamisi sits waiting for work in an Accra market.
  
Lamisi registers for training college entrance exams in Accra. She used most of her money to register for the exams, and plans to work in the day and study in the evening during the months leading up to the tests.
     
  
Fatima stands on the backs of other girls at a beach in Accra. A Muslim girl from the Northern Region, she had never seen the ocean before coming to Accra a few months prior. "I like swimming," she says, "but I don't like how boys and girls swim together here."
  
Teenage Kayayo girls rush to their feet to chase after a bus entering Doctor Mensah Market in Kumasi.
  
One of the slums where Kayayo girls live, after a rainstorm.
     
  
Kayayo girls in their early teens prepare to sleep after the workday in a shantytown in Accra. 14 girls from the same village sleep on the floor of this wooden shack.
  
A young woman watches a film in her room in the Accra slum.
  
A young Kayayo girl laughs in the room she shares with 14 other girls in a slum in Accra.
     
  
Kayayo girls sleep on the floors and countertops in a former warehouse where several hundred of them live in Kumasi.
  
Kayayo girls sleep on the floor of a former warehouse where several hundred of them live in Kumasi.
  
Kayayo girls watch a film playing in the midst of an Accra slum.